Sources



Primary Sources

  • Boyer, Paul and Stephen Nissenbaum. Salem-Village Witchcraft. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1972.

  • Calef, Robert. More Wonders of the Invisible World: or the Wonders of the Invisible World Displayed. In Five Parts. London, England: Printed for Nath. Hillar, and Joseph Collier, 1700. Accessed June 1, 2019. https://archive.org/

  • Hale, John. A Modest Enquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft. Carlisle, MA: Applewood Books edition. Originally published in 1702.

  • Mather, Cotton. On Witchcraft: The Wonders of the Invisible World, Being an Account of the Tryals of Several Witches Lately Executed in New England. Mineola, New York: Dover Books edition, 2005. Originally published in 1693.

  • Rosenthal, Bernard, General Editor. Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

  • Trask, Richard B. “The Devil hath been raised”: A Documentary History of the Salem Village Witchcraft Outbreak of March 1692. Danvers, MA: Yeoman Press, 1992.


Secondary Sources

  • Allison, Robert J. A Short History of Boston. Carlisle, MA: Commonwealth Editions, 2004.

  • Bailey, Sarah Loring. Historical Sketches of Andover. Cambridge, MA: The Riverside Press, 1880.

  • Baker, Emerson W. A Storm of Witchcraft: The Salem Trials and the American Experience. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2015.

  • Bond, C. Lawrence. Houses and Buildings of Topsfield. Topsfield, MA: The Topsfield Historical Society, 1989.

  • Boyer, Paul and Stephen Nissenbaum. Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft. Cambridge, MA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 1974.

  • Breslaw, Elaine. Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies. New York, NY: New York University Press, 1996.

  • Brown, David C. A Guide to the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692. Washington Crossing, PA: David C. Brown, 1984.

  • Brown, Edward. Thieves, Cow Beaters and Other True Tales of Colonial Beverly. Beverly, MA: The Beverly Historical Society and Museum, 2007.

  • Dow, George Francis. History of Topsfield Massachusetts. Topsfield, MA: The Topsfield Historical Society, 1940.

  • Farmer, John. An Historical Memoir of Billerica of Massachusetts. Containing Notices of the Principal Events, in the Civil and Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Town, From its First Settlement to 1816. Amherst, NH: R. Boylston, 1816.

  • Francis, Richard. Judge Sewall’s Apology, A Biography: The Salem Witch Trials and the Forming of An American Conscience. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2005.

  • Fury, Daniel. If These Stones Could Talk: The History and People of The Old Salem Burying Point. Salem, MA: Black Cat Tours Press, 2021.

  • Gage, Thomas. The History of Rowley, Anciently Including Bradford, Boxford, and Georgetown, From the Year 1639 To the Present Time. Boston, MA: Ferdinand Andrews, 1840.

  • Gagnon, Daniel A. A Salem Witch: The Trial, Execution, and Exoneration of Rebecca Nurse. Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2021.

  • Hazen, Rev. Henry Allen. History of Billerica, Massachusetts, with a Genealogical Register. Boston: A. Williams and Co., 1883.

  • Hill, Frances. A Delusion of Satan: The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trials. Boston, MA: Da Capo Press, 1995.

  • Hill, Frances. Hunting for Witches: A Visitor’s Guide to the Salem Witch Trials. Carlisle, MA: Commonwealth Editions, 2002.

  • Hill, Frances. The Salem Witch Trials Reader. Boston, MA: Da Capo Press, 2000.

  • Hite, Richard. In the Shadow of Salem: The Andover Witch Hunt of 1692. Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2018.

  • Hoyt, David W. The Old Families of Salisbury and Amesbury, Massachusetts. Providence, RI: Snow & Farnham, 1897.

  • Karlsen, Carol F. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 1987.

  • Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York, NY: Viking Penguin, Inc., 1953.

  • Norton, John. Historical Sketch of Copp’s Hill Burying Ground with Inscriptions and Ye Ancient Epitaphs. Boston, MA: Hull Street, 1919.

  • Norton, Mary Beth. In the Devil’s Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 2002.

  • Phillips, James Duncan. Salem in the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, MA: The Riverside Press, 1933.

  • Raynard, Shirley Paul with the Middleton Historical Society. Middleton. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2010.

  • Roach, Marilynne K. A Map of Salem Village & Vicinity in 1692. Watertown, MA: Sassafrass Grove, 1999.

  • Roach, Marilynne K. The Salem Witch Trials: A Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Community Under Siege. Lanham, MD: Cooper Square Press, 2002.

  • Roach, Marilynne K. Six Women of Salem: The Untold Story of The Accused and Their Accusers in the Salem Witch Trials. Boston, MA: Da Capo Press, 2013.

  • Rockwell, Forbes, Carl R. Smith, Gratia Mahoney, and James S. Batchelder. Plan of Andover in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Essex County, 1692. The Historical Societies of Andover and North Andover, 1992.

  • Rosenthal, Bernard.  Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trials of 1692. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

  • Silverman, Kenneth. The Life and Times of Cotton Mather. New York, NY: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., 1984.

  • Tapley, Harriet Silvester. Chronicles of Danvers: Old Salem Village. Danvers, MA: The Danvers Historical Society, 1923.

  • Thompson, Roger. Sex in Middlesex: Popular Mores in a Massachusetts County, 1649-1690. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1986.

  • Topsfield and the Witchcraft Tragedy. Topsfield, MA: The Topsfield Historical Society, 1992.

  • Towne, Edwin Eugene. The Descendants of William Towne: who came to America on or about 1630 and settled in Salem, MA. Newtonville, MA: Edwin Eugene Towne, 1901.

  • Upham, Charles W. Salem Witchcraft. Boston: Wiggin and Lunt, 1867.

  • Waters, Thomas Franklin. Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Ipswich, MA: Ipswich Historical Society, 1905.

  • Watkins, Lura Woodside. Middleton, Massachusetts: A Cultural History. Salem, MA: Essex Institute, 1970.

  • Webber, Carl and Winfield S. Nevins. Old Naumkeag: Historical Sketch of the City of Salem and the Surrounding Towns. Salem, MA: A&A Smith and Boston, MA: Lee & Shepard, 1877.

  • Wells, John A. The Peabody Story: Events in Peabody’s History, 1626-1972. Salem, MA: The Essex Institute, 1972.


Website Sources

Special thanks to: The George Barker Family of North Andover; Jim Batchelder; Kelly Daniell of the Peabody Historical Society; Candice Dawes of the Rebecca Nurse Homestead; Sue Goganian of Historic Beverly; Dan Gagnon; Gordon Harris of Historic Ipswich; Richard Hite; Father Nathan Ives of St. Peter’s Church, Salem; Kathleen Kent; Heather Lennon of the Lancaster Historical Society; Char Lyons of South Church in Andover; Carol Majahad of the North Andover Historical Society; Joyce McKenna of the Salisbury Historical Society; Kathy Meagher of the Billerica Public Library; Joann Michalik; Elizabeth Peterson of the Witch House; Everett Philbrook of The House of the Seven Gables; Libby Potter of the Samuel Holten House; Shirley Paul Raynard; Marilynne Roach; Wendy Thatcher, Matt Howe, and Jeanne Pickering of the Topsfield Historical Society; Kenna Therrien of the Andover Center for History & Culture; and Richard Trask of the Danvers Archival Center.

All Witch Trials Online Sites Tour text and photos by Jill Christiansen unless otherwise noted.